Installing VMWare Tools - What is the location of the directory of C header files that match your running

Resolution

vi /usr/src/kernels/{uname -r}/include/linux/utsrelease.h

Remove old define kernel

Add {uname -r} define kernel

#define UTS_RELEASE "uname -r"

Continue installation tools

What is the location of the directory of C header files that match your running

kernel? [/usr/src/linux/include] /usr/src/kernels/ {uname -r}/include/

oracle linux yum setup

http://public-yum.oracle.com/

Public Yum Server

Last updated: 9 May, 2011
Introduction

The Oracle public yum server offers a free and convenient way to install packages from the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM installation media via a yum client.

You can download the full Oracle Linux and Oracle VM installation media via edelivery.oracle.com/linux. Note that errata are not available via this public yum server. To access errata (bug fixes, security fixes and enhancement), you must have a valid support contract to access Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). For more information, see the FAQ below.

This yum server is offered without support of any kind. If you require support, please consider purchasing Oracle Linux support via the online store, or via your sales representative.
Getting Started

Download and Install Oracle Linux

Download and copy the appropriate yum configuration file in place, by running the following commands as root:
Oracle Linux 4, Update 6 or Newer

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# mv Oracle-Base.repo Oracle-Base.repo.disabled
# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el4.repo

Oracle Linux 5

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo

Oracle Linux 6

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

Oracle VM 2

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ovm2.repo

Enable the appropriate repository by editing the yum configuration file
Open the yum configuration file in a text editor
Locate the section in the file for the repository you plan to update from, e.g. [el4_u6_base]
Change enabled=0 to enabled=1

Begin using yum, for example:

yum list

yum install firefox

You may be prompted to confirm the import of the Oracle OSS Group GPG key.

nic bonding by hp dl380

Bonding之前要確認網路介面和網路線是否有接到正確port

Bonding部分由於只有四條線故只綁兩個port分別為

Service LAN: eth0 , eth5

Storage LAN:eth2 , eth4

1.編輯核心模組

#vi /etc/modprobe.conf

alias eth0 bnx2 alias eth1 bnx2 alias eth2 bnx2 alias eth3 bnx2 alias eth4 e1000e alias eth5 e1000e alias scsi_hostadapter cciss alias scsi_hostadapter1 ata_piix #增加如下設定 alias bond0 bonding alias bond1 bonding options bonding max_bonds=2

2.建立虛擬網卡

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

DEVICE=bond0 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=172.17.100.xxx NETMASK=255.255.254.0 GATEWAY=172.17.101.254 ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no BONDING_OPTS="mode=6 miimon=100"

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1

DEVICE=bond1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.200.xxx NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no BONDING_OPTS="mode=6 miimon=100"

3. 編輯Service LAN eth0 eth5

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=172.17.101.255 HWADDR=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx NETWORK=172.17.100.0 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no IPV6INIT=no PEERDNS=yes #增加如下設定,並把舊設定(IPADDR, NETMASK, GATEWAY)值註解 MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes

4. 編輯Storage LAN eth2 eth4

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth2 BOOTPROTO=none HWADDR= xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no IPV6INIT=no PEERDNS=yes #增加如下設定,並把舊設定(IPADDR, NETMASK, GATEWAY)值註解 MASTER=bond1 SLAVE=yes

5.確認取消其他網卡設定值eth1 eth3

DEVICE=eth3 BOOTPROTO=dhcp HWADDR= xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx #取消開機啟動, 並把舊設定(IPADDR, NETMASK, GATEWAY)值註解 ONBOOT=no DHCP_HOSTNAME=au10dmzh48.winxtar.com TYPE=Ethernet

6.取消automount

#vi /etc/fstab

先註解nfs避免設定錯誤導致reboot無法automount導致系統開不起來

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 #192.168.200.1:/vol/test /d01 nfs rw,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,sync,nointr,hard 0 0

7. reboot

Ping 172.17.101.254

Ping 192.168.200.1

拔線看看是否有斷線,如果接正常即可把automount啟動並且在次reboot測試automount.

Bonding mode

Options for mode types:
You can set up your bond interface according to your needs. In order to do this, you simply change the mode type depicted in the examples below (mode=X). There are seven mode types available. They are as follows:

mode=0
This mode uses the Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential order from the first available slave through the last. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=1
This mode uses an Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is active. A different slave becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The bond's MAC address is externally visible on only one port (network adapter) to avoid confusing the switch. This mode provides fault tolerance. The primary option affects the behavior of this mode.

mode=2
Transmit based on [(source MAC address XOR'd with destination MAC address) modulo slave count]. This selects the same slave for each destination MAC address. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=3
Broadcast policy: transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode provides fault tolerance.

mode=4
IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and duplex settings. Utilizes all slaves in the active aggregator according to the 802.3ad specification.

*Pre-requisites:

1. Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed and duplex of each slave.

2. A switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Most switches will require some type of configuration to enable 802.3ad mode

mode=5
Adaptive transmit load balancing: channel bonding that does not require any special switch support. The outgoing traffic is distributed according to the current load (computed relative to the speed) on each slave. Incoming traffic is received by the current slave. If the receiving slave fails, another slave takes over the MAC address of the failed receiving slave.

*Prerequisite: Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave.

mode=6
Adaptive load balancing: includes balance-transmit load balancing plus receive load balancing for IPV4 traffic, and does not require any special switch support. The receive load balancing is achieved by ARP negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the ARP Replies sent by the local system on their way out and overwrites the source hardware address with the unique hardware address of one of the slaves in the bond such that different peers use different hardware addresses for the server.

ASDM cannot be launched - Cisco bug ID CSCsr89144

Problem: Exception in thread "SGZ Loader:

launchSgzApplet" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For

input string: "1 year 0"

This problem is caused by Cisco bug ID CSCsr89144 (registered customers only) in ASA running for more

than one year with ASDM 6.0.3 or 6.1. As a result, ASDM cannot be launched.

Solution

This error can be resolved by reloading the ASA.

參考:

http://www.cisco.com/image/gif/paws/110282/asdm-tshoot.pdf

http://bbs.51cto.com/thread-790458-1.html

umount device

相信很多人都遇過在linux下要umount某個device時發生"umount: /u01: device is busy" 的錯誤.這個訊息代表要被umount的device正被process使用/user占用中.

此問題通常可用採以下幾個解法:

* 執行 lsof |grep XXX (XXX為要umount的目錄名稱)找出目前佔用此device的ProcessID/user,剔除掉該PID或請user離開該目錄後進行正常umount.

* 執行 fuser -m /dev/sdd1 則更直接的列出佔用此device的PID,剔除掉該PID後進行正常umount.

* 執行 umount -f /dev/sdd1 強制umount

* 若以上指令都無法生效時,就只剩下 umount -l /dev/sdd1 這種暴力umount的指令可以用了.這個指令常用於Networked File System(NFS)的 mount device.

PS: 但正常的作法應該是先停掉nfs service之後就可以umount了.

出處:

http://dbasdiary.blogspot.com/2009/03/umount-device.html

Configuring networking from the ESX service console command line

To configure networking from the ESX service console command line:

1. Ensure the network adapter you want to use is currently connected with the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-nics –l
   
   The output appears similar to:
   
   Name PCI Driver Link Speed Duplex Description
   vmnic0 06:00.00 tg3 Up 1000Mbps Full Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5721 Gigabit Ethernet
   vmnic1 07:00.00 tg3 Up 1000Mbps Full Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5721 Gigabit Ethernet
   
   In the Link column, Up indicates that the network adapter is available and functioning.

2. List the current virtual switches with the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch –l
   
   The output appears similar to:
   
   Switch Name Num Ports Used Ports Configured Ports Uplinks
   vSwitch0 32 3 32 vmnic0
   
   PortGroup Name Internal ID VLAN ID Used Ports Uplinks
   VM Network portgroup2 0 0 vmnic0
   
   In the example output, there exists a virtual machine network named VM Network with no Service Console portgroup. For illustration, the proceeding steps show you how to create a new virtual switch and place the service console port group on it.
   
   
3. Create a new virtual switch with the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch –a vSwitch1
   
   
4. Create the Service Console portgroup on this new virtual switch:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch –A “Service Console” vSwitch1
   
   Because there is a space in the name (Service Console), you must enclose it in quotation marks.
   
   Note: To create Service Consoles one at time, you may need to delete all previous settings. For more information, see Recreating Service Console Networking from the command line (1000266).
   
   
5. Up-link vmnic1 to the new virtual switch with the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch –L vmnic1 vSwitch1
   
   
6. If you need to assign a VLAN, use the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch -v -p “Service Console” vSwitch0
   
   where is the VLAN number. A zero here specifies no VLAN.
   
   
7. Verify the new virtual switch configuration with the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswitch –l
   
   The output appears similar to:
   
   Switch Name Num Ports Used Ports Configured Ports Uplinks
   vSwitch0 32 3 32 vmnic0
   
   PortGroup Name Internal ID VLAN ID Used Ports Uplinks
   Service Console portgroup5 0 1 vmnic0
   
   Switch Name Num Ports Used Ports Configured Ports Uplinks
   vSwitch1 64 1 64 vmnic1
   
   PortGroup Name Internal ID VLAN ID Used Ports Uplinks
   Service Console portgroup14 0 1 vmnic1
   
   
8. Create the vswif (Service Console) interface. For example, run the command:
   
   [root@server root]# esxcfg-vswif –a vswif0 –i 192.168.1.10 –n 255.255.255.0 –p “Service Console”
   [‘Vnic’ warning] Generated New Mac address, 00:50:xx:xx:xx:xx for vswif0
   
   Nothing to flush.
   
   
9. Verify the configuration with the command:
   
   [root@esx]# esxcfg-vswif –l
   Name Port Group IP Address Netmask Broadcast Enabled DHCP
   v swif0 Service Console 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255 true false
   
   
10. Verify the networking configuration on the ESX host. See Verifying ESX host networking configuration on the service console (1003796) .
    
    
    URL:
    http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1000258
    
    
    http://planetvm.net/blog/?p=423

Oracle DDL,DML,DCL,TCL 基礎概念

DDL

Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:

• CREATE - to create objects in the database
• ALTER - alters the structure of the database
• DROP - delete objects from the database
• TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
• COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
• RENAME - rename an object

DML

Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:

• SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
• INSERT - insert data into a table
• UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
• DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
• MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
• CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
• EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
• LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

DCL

Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:

• GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
• REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

TCL

Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

• COMMIT - save work done
• SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
• ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
• SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

轉至:

http://www.cnblogs.com/gnielee/archive/2009/07/31/1535621.html